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Compare Ashmore and Cartier Islands (2001) - Reunion (2005)

Compare Ashmore and Cartier Islands (2001) z Reunion (2005)

 Ashmore and Cartier Islands (2001)Reunion (2005)
 Ashmore and Cartier IslandsReunion
Administrative divisions - none (overseas department of France); there are no first-order administrative divisions as defined by the US Government, but there are 4 arrondissements, 24 communes, and 47 cantons
Age structure - 0-14 years: 30.4% (male 120,698/female 115,108)


15-64 years: 63.6% (male 243,668/female 250,143)


65 years and over: 6.1% (male 19,234/female 28,097) (2005 est.)
Agriculture - products - sugarcane, vanilla, tobacco, tropical fruits, vegetables, corn
Airports - 2 (2004 est.)
Airports - with paved runways - total: 2


2,438 to 3,047 m: 1


914 to 1,523 m: 1 (2004 est.)
Area total:
5 sq km

land:
5 sq km

water:
0 sq km

note:
includes Ashmore Reef (West, Middle, and East Islets) and Cartier Island		 total: 2,517 sq km


land: 2,507 sq km


water: 10 sq km
Area - comparative about eight times the size of The Mall in Washington, DC slightly smaller than Rhode Island
Background These uninhabited islands came under Australian authority in 1931; formal administration began two years later. Ashmore Reef supports a rich and diverse avian and marine habitat; in 1983 it became a National Nature Reserve. Recent geological explorations have indicated promising petroleum formations. The Portuguese discovered the uninhabited island in 1513. From the 17th to the 19th centuries, French immigration, supplemented by influxes of Africans, Chinese, Malays, and Malabar Indians, gave the island its ethnic mix. The opening of the Suez Canal in 1869 cost the island its importance as a stopover on the East Indies trade route.
Birth rate - 19.26 births/1,000 population (2005 est.)
Budget - revenues: $1.26 billion


expenditures: $2.62 billion, including capital expenditures of NA (1998)
Capital - Saint-Denis
Climate tropical tropical, but temperature moderates with elevation; cool and dry from May to November, hot and rainy from November to April
Coastline 74.1 km 207 km
Constitution - 4 October 1958 (French Constitution)
Country name conventional long form:
Territory of Ashmore and Cartier Islands

conventional short form:
Ashmore and Cartier Islands		 conventional long form: Department of Reunion


conventional short form: Reunion


local long form: none


local short form: Ile de la Reunion


former: Bourbon Island
Death rate - 5.48 deaths/1,000 population (2005 est.)
Debt - external - $NA
Dependency status territory of Australia; administered from Canberra by the Australian Department of the Environment, Sport, and Territories overseas department of France
Diplomatic representation from the US none (territory of Australia) none (overseas department of France)
Diplomatic representation in the US none (territory of Australia) none (overseas department of France)
Disputes - international none none
Economic aid - recipient - NA; note - substantial annual subsidies from France (2001 est.)
Economy - overview no economic activity The economy has traditionally been based on agriculture, but services now dominate. Sugarcane has been the primary crop for more than a century, and in some years it accounts for 85% of exports. The government has been pushing the development of a tourist industry to relieve high unemployment, which amounts to one-third of the labor force. The gap in Reunion between the well-off and the poor is extraordinary and accounts for the persistent social tensions. The white and Indian communities are substantially better off than other segments of the population, often approaching European standards, whereas minority groups suffer the poverty and unemployment typical of the poorer nations of the African continent. The outbreak of severe rioting in February 1991 illustrates the seriousness of socioeconomic tensions. The economic well-being of Reunion depends heavily on continued financial assistance from France.
Electricity - consumption - 1.084 billion kWh (2002)
Electricity - exports - 0 kWh (2002)
Electricity - imports - 0 kWh (2002)
Electricity - production - 1.166 billion kWh (2002)
Elevation extremes lowest point:
Indian Ocean 0 m

highest point:
unnamed location 3 m		 lowest point: Indian Ocean 0 m


highest point: Piton des Neiges 3,069 m
Environment - current issues NA NA
Ethnic groups - French, African, Malagasy, Chinese, Pakistani, Indian
Exchange rates - euros per US dollar - 0.8054 (2004), 0.886 (2003), 1.0626 (2002), 1.1175 (2001), 1.0854 (2000)
Executive branch - chief of state: President Jacques CHIRAC of France (since 17 May 1995), represented by Prefect Laurent CAYREL (since 16 July 2005)


head of government: President of the General Council Jean-Luc POUDROUX (since NA March 1998) and President of the Regional Council Paul VERGES (since NA March 1993)


cabinet: NA


elections: French president elected by popular vote for a five-year term; prefect appointed by the French president on the advice of the French Ministry of the Interior; the presidents of the General and Regional Councils are elected by the members of those councils
Exports - NA
Exports - commodities - sugar 63%, rum and molasses 4%, perfume essences 2%, lobster 3%, (1993)
Exports - partners - France 74%, Japan 6%, Comoros 4% (2000)
Fiscal year - calendar year
Flag description the flag of Australia is used the flag of France is used
GDP - composition by sector - agriculture: 8%


industry: 19%


services: 73% (2000 est.)
GDP - per capita - purchasing power parity - $6,000 (2004 est.)
GDP - real growth rate - 2.5% (2004 est.)
Geographic coordinates 12 14 S, 123 05 E 21 06 S, 55 36 E
Geography - note Ashmore Reef National Nature Reserve established in August 1983 this mountainous, volcanic island has an active volcano, Piton de la Fournaise; there is a tropical cyclone center at Saint-Denis, which is the monitoring station for the whole of the Indian Ocean
Highways - total: 1,214 km (including 88 km of four-lane roads) (2001)
Household income or consumption by percentage share - lowest 10%: NA%


highest 10%: NA%
Imports - NA
Imports - commodities - manufactured goods, food, beverages, tobacco, machinery and transportation equipment, raw materials, and petroleum products
Imports - partners - France 64%, Bahrain 3%, Germany 3%, Italy 3% (2000)
Independence - none (overseas department of France)
Industrial production growth rate - NA%
Industries - sugar, rum, cigarettes, handicraft items, flower oil extraction
Infant mortality rate - total: 7.78 deaths/1,000 live births


male: 8.52 deaths/1,000 live births


female: 6.99 deaths/1,000 live births (2005 est.)
Inflation rate (consumer prices) - NA%
International organization participation - InOC, UPU, WFTU
Irrigated land 0 sq km (1993) 120 sq km (1998 est.)
Judicial branch - Court of Appeals or Cour d'Appel
Labor force - 309,900 (2000)
Labor force - by occupation - agriculture 13%, industry 12%, services 75% (2000)
Land boundaries 0 km 0 km
Land use arable land:
0%

permanent crops:
0%

permanent pastures:
0%

forests and woodland:
0%

other:
100% (all grass and sand)		 arable land: 13.6%


permanent crops: 1.2%


other: 85.2% (2001)
Languages - French (official), Creole widely used
Legal system the laws of the Northern Territory of Australia, where applicable, apply French law
Legislative branch - unicameral General Council (49 seats; members are elected by direct, popular vote to serve six-year terms) and a unicameral Regional Council (45 seats; members are elected by direct, popular vote to serve six-year terms)


elections: General Council - last held 15 and 22 March 1998 (next to be held NA); Regional Council - last held 28 March 2004 (next to be held NA 2010)


election results: General Council - percent of vote by party - NA%; seats by party - various right-wing candidates 13, PCR 10, PS 10, UDF 8, RPR 6, other left-wing candidates 2; Regional Council (second round) - percent of vote by party - PCR 44.9%, UMP 32.8%, PS-Greens 22.3%; seats by party - PCR 27, UMP 11, PS-Greens 7


note: Reunion elects three representatives to the French Senate; elections last held NA 2001 (next to be held NA 2006); results - percent of vote by party - NA%; seats by party - NA; Reunion also elects five deputies to the French National Assembly; elections last held 9 June-16 June 2002 (next to be held NA 2007); results - percent of vote by party - NA%; seats by party - UMP-RPR 1, UMP 1, PCR 1
Life expectancy at birth - total population: 73.95 years


male: 70.55 years


female: 77.52 years (2005 est.)
Literacy - definition: age 15 and over can read and write


total population: 88.9%


male: 87%


female: 90.8% (2003 est.)
Location Southeastern Asia, islands in the Indian Ocean, northwest of Australia Southern Africa, island in the Indian Ocean, east of Madagascar
Map references Southeast Asia World
Maritime claims contiguous zone:
12 NM

continental shelf:
200-m depth or to the depth of exploitation

exclusive fishing zone:
200 NM

territorial sea:
3 NM		 territorial sea: 12 nm


exclusive economic zone: 200 nm
Merchant marine - total: 1 ships (1,000 GRT or over) 28,264 GRT/44,885 DWT


by type: chemical tanker 1


foreign-owned: 1 (France 1)


registered in other countries: 1 (2005)
Military - note defense is the responsibility of Australia; periodic visits by the Royal Australian Navy and Royal Australian Air Force defense is the responsibility of France
Military branches - no regular indigenous military forces; French forces (includes Army, Navy, Air Force, and Gendarmerie)
National holiday - Bastille Day, 14 July (1789)
Nationality - noun: Reunionese (singular and plural)


adjective: Reunionese
Natural hazards surrounded by shoals and reefs that can pose maritime hazards periodic, devastating cyclones (December to April); Piton de la Fournaise on the southeastern coast is an active volcano
Natural resources fish fish, arable land, hydropower
Net migration rate - 0 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2005 est.)
Political parties and leaders - Communist Party of Reunion or PCR [Paul VERGES]; Rally for the Republic or RPR [Andre Maurice PIHOUEE]; Socialist Party or PS [Jean-Claude FRUTEAU]; Union for French Democracy or UDF [Gilbert GERARD]; Union for a Popular Movement or UMP [leader NA]
Political pressure groups and leaders - NA
Population no indigenous inhabitants

note:
there are only seasonal caretakers (July 2001 est.)		 776,948 (July 2005 est.)
Population below poverty line - NA%
Population growth rate - 1.38% (2005 est.)
Ports and harbors none; offshore anchorage only Le Port
Radio broadcast stations - AM 2, FM 55, shortwave 0 (2001)
Religions - Roman Catholic 86%, Hindu, Muslim, Buddhist (1995)
Sex ratio - at birth: 1.05 male(s)/female


under 15 years: 1.05 male(s)/female


15-64 years: 0.97 male(s)/female


65 years and over: 0.68 male(s)/female


total population: 0.98 male(s)/female (2005 est.)
Suffrage - 18 years of age; universal
Telephone system - general assessment: adequate system; principal center is Saint-Denis


domestic: modern open-wire and microwave radio relay network


international: country code - 262; radiotelephone communication to Comoros, France, Madagascar; new microwave route to Mauritius; satellite earth station - 1 Intelsat (Indian Ocean); fiber optic submarine cable (SAT-3/WASC/SAFE) provides connectivity to Europe and Asia
Telephones - main lines in use - 300,000 est (2001)
Telephones - mobile cellular - 489,800 (2002)
Television broadcast stations - 35 (plus 18 low-power repeaters) (2001)
Terrain low with sand and coral mostly rugged and mountainous; fertile lowlands along coast
Total fertility rate - 2.47 children born/woman (2005 est.)
Unemployment rate - 36% (1999 est.)
Waterways none -
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